☰ अधिक माहितीसाठी येथे क्लीक करा

#### Question 1:

(a) Why is the weight of the same object different on different planets?
(b) What precautions will you take to make accurate measurements in day-to-day affairs?
(c) What is the difference between mass and weight?

(a) Weight of an object, W is given as
$W=mg$

where, m = mass of the object and g = acceleration due to gravity of a place
We know that acceleration due to gravity is different at different planets. Hence, the weight of same object differs on different planets.

(b) Precautions to be take to make accurate measurements in day-to-day affairs are

• The device used for measurement should be appropriate and properly working.
• The device should be used properly.
• It should be checked that the device in use should have stamp of standardization by the department of weights and measure.
• 3-4 readings should be taken for achieving accuracy in measurement

(c)

 S. No. Mass Weight 1. Mass is the amount of matter contained in a body. Weight is the force exerted on a body due to the gravitational pull of another body such as Earth, the sun and the moon. 2. Mass is an intrinsic property of a body. Weight is an extrinsic property of a body. 3. The mass of a body remains the same everywhere in the universe. The weight of a body depends on the local acceleration due to gravity where it is placed. 4. The mass of a body cannot be zero. The weight of a body can be zero. 5. The SI unit of mass is kilogram (kg). Since weight is a force, its SI unit is newton (N). 6. The mass of a body can be measured using a beam balance and a pan balance. The weight of a body can be measured using a spring balance and a weighing machine.

#### Question 2:

Who is my companion ?
 Group 'A' Group 'B' (1) Velocity (a) litre (2) Area (b) kilogram (3) Volume (c) metre/second (4) Mass (d) kilogram/cubic metre (5) density (e) square metre

 Group 'A' Group 'B' (1) Velocity (c) metre/second (2) Area (e) square metre (3) Volume (a) litre (4) Mass (b) kilogram (5) Density (d) kilogram/cubic metre

#### Question 3:

Explain giving examples.
(a) Scalar quantity
(b) Vector quantity

(a) A quantity which has only magnitude and no direction is known as scalar quantity. Distance, work, speed, time, energy, etc. are all scalar quantities. These quantities can be expressed completely by their magnitude alone.

(b) A quantity which has magnitude as well as direction is known as vector quantity. Force, velocity, displacement, etc. are all vector quantities. These quantities are expressed completely only when their directions are defined along with their magnitude.

#### Question 4:

Explain, giving examples, the errors that occur while making measurements.

Various types of errors can occur while taking measurement. These are as follows:
• Instrumental errors: These errors arise when the instrument used for measurement has become faulty. For eg, ruler with rough and broken edge can cause instrumental error.
• Observational errors: These errors arise when the reading in the instrument is noted incorrectly. These can also arise if the instrument is used in incorrect method. For example, if the tip of pencil does not coincide with zero of the scale, then we will get error in measurement of length of pencil.
• Theoretical errors: These are caused by simplification of the model system. For example, a theory states that the temperature of the system surrounding will not change the readings taken when it actually does, then this factor will begin a source of error in measurement.
• Environmental errors: These errors arises due to the instruments working getting affected due to some environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, etc.

#### Question 5:

Give reasons.
(a) It is not proper to measure quantities by using body parts as units.
(b) It is necessary to get the weights and measures standardized at regular intervals.

(a) It is not proper to measure quantities by using body parts as units because these are not reliable and unique. These units of measurement vary from person to person.

(b) Because of difference in physical conditions from place to place, the reference chosen as units for weights and measures varies. So, it becomes necessary to get the weights and measures standardized at regular intervals.

#### Question 6:

Explain the need for accurate measurement and the devices to be used for that.